The most commonly thought of and largest division of the Prosecutor's Office is the Criminal Division. It is the primary responsibility of the Prosecutor's Office to prosecute adult felony cases occurring in Scioto County in the Scioto County Court of Common Pleas. These cases range from the felony-5 level up to the felony-1 level and unclassified felonies such as murder. Additionally, the Prosecutor's Office handles violations of probation and community control sanctions in the Common Pleas Court.

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The Criminal Division handles several hundreds of criminal cases each year involving all levels of felonies as well as murder.